Article management system, article management method, and non-transitory computer readable medium storing article management program

ABSTRACT

An article management system includes RFID tags ( 102 ) fixed above a reader waveguide ( 101 ), a tag position table storage unit ( 106 ) that stores tag information and fixed positions of the RFID tags ( 102 ) in association with each other, an article position table storage unit ( 105 ) that stores identification information and an assigned position of an article ( 108 ) in association with each other, an article management table storage unit ( 107 ) that stores the identification information of the article ( 108 ) and the tag information of the RFID tags ( 102 ) in association with each other, a tag reading unit ( 103 ) that reads the RFID tags ( 102 ) by electromagnetic coupling through the reader waveguide ( 101 ), and an article presence/absence determination unit that determines presence or absence of placement of the article ( 108 ) corresponding to the RFID tags ( 102 ) based on results of reading the RFID tags ( 102 ).

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a National Stage of International Application No.PCT/JP2014/002121 filed Apr. 15, 2014, claiming priority based onJapanese Patent Application No. 2013-105982 filed May 20, 2013, thecontents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference in theirentirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an article management system, anarticle management method, and a non-transitory computer readable mediumstoring an article management program, and more particularly, to anarticle management system, an article management method, and anon-transitory computer readable medium storing an article managementprogram that manage articles using RFID tags.

BACKGROUND ART

In general, it is possible to grasp the stock status in a store bycooperation with a Point of Sales (POS) system. However, it is difficultto grasp the presence or absence of commodities on commodity displayshelf, and even hot-selling commodities are sometimes out of stock onthe commodity display shelf, which causes sales opportunity losses.Further, although it is known that the sales clearly vary depending onthe way commodities are arranged in the commodity display shelf, ittakes time for a store clerk to check the arrangement of commodities onthe commodity display shelf one by one, and thus the commodities aresometimes left uncontrolled without being appropriately arranged forenhancing the sales of the commodities.

Space planning for determining the placement of commodities on acommodity display shelf is carried out in stores. The space planning isdone at regular intervals such as every season or each time new itemscome out in order to stimulate buying motivation of consumers.

Thus, there is a need for a technique that effectively manages thedisplay of commodities and that is adaptable to a change in display ofcommodities by space planning or the like.

Patent Literatures 1 and 2 below are known as techniques related to themanagement of articles such as commodities. Patent Literatures 1 and 2disclose an article management method that places an RFID tag at acommodity display position on a shelf, and determines that there is acommodity when the RFID tag cannot be read by an RFID reader.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

PTL1: U.S. Pat. No. 7,271,724

PTL2: Japanese Patent No. 5128898

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

However, in the article management method according to related art suchas Patent Literatures 1 and 2, one RFID tag to be placed is fixedlyassigned in advance to one article to be managed in principle. In thiscase, when the position to place an article changes by space planning orthe like, the position to place the RFID tag needs to be changedaccordingly. Further, when the size or interval of an article to bemanaged changes, the position to place the RFID tag needs to be changedaccordingly. Particularly, when the number of articles to be managedincreases, work that changes the tag placement position becomescomplicated.

In view of the aforementioned problems, the present invention mainlyaims to provide an article management system, an article managementmethod, and a non-transitory computer readable medium storing an articlemanagement program capable of managing articles in a simplified way evenwhen the placement of articles is changed.

Solution to Problem

An article management system according to an exemplary aspect of thepresent invention includes a reader waveguide formed as an opentransmission line terminated with matching impedance; a plurality ofRFID tags fixed in an article allocable area above the reader waveguideand electromagnetically coupled to the reader waveguide; a tag positiontable storage means for storing a tag position table associating taginformation of the plurality of RFID tags and fixed positions of theplurality of RFID tags; an article position table storage means forstoring an article position table associating identification informationof articles and assigned positions of the articles assigned to place thearticles in the allocable area; an article management table storagemeans for storing an article management table associating theidentification information of the articles and the tag information ofthe plurality of RFID tags based on the tag position table and thearticle position table; a tag reading means for reading the plurality ofRFID tags by electromagnetic coupling through the reader waveguide; andan article presence/absence determination means for determining presenceor absence of an article corresponding to the plurality of RFID tagsbased on results of reading the plurality of RFID tags by referring tothe article management table.

An article management method according to an exemplary aspect of thepresent invention includes fixing a plurality of RFID tags in an articleallocable area above a reader waveguide formed as an open transmissionline terminated with matching impedance, the plurality of RFID tags tobe electromagnetically coupled to the reader waveguide; storing a tagposition table associating tag information of the plurality of RFID tagsand fixed positions of the plurality of RFID tags; storing an articleposition table associating identification information of articles andassigned positions of the articles assigned to place the articles in theallocable area; storing an article management table associating theidentification information of the articles and the tag information ofthe plurality of RFID tags based on the tag position table and thearticle position table; reading the plurality of RFID tags byelectromagnetic coupling through the reader waveguide; and determiningpresence or absence of an article corresponding to the plurality of RFIDtags based on results of reading the plurality of RFID tags by referringto the article management table.

A non-transitory computer readable medium storing an article managementprogram according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention is anon-transitory computer readable medium storing an article managementprogram causing a computer to execute an article management process, thearticle management process including storing a tag position tableassociating tag information of a plurality of RFID tags and fixedpositions of the plurality of RFID tags, the plurality of RFID tagsbeing fixed in an article allocable area above a reader waveguide formedas an open transmission line terminated with matching impedance andbeing electromagnetically coupled to the reader waveguide; storing anarticle position table associating identification information ofarticles and assigned positions of the articles assigned to place thearticles in the allocable area; storing an article management tableassociating the identification information of the articles and the taginformation of the plurality of RFID tags based on the tag positiontable and the article position table; reading the plurality of RFID tagsby electromagnetic coupling through the reader waveguide; anddetermining presence or absence of an article corresponding to theplurality of RFID tags based on results of reading the plurality of RFIDtags by referring to the article management table.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an articlemanagement system, an article management method, and a non-transitorycomputer readable medium storing an article management program capableof managing articles in a simplified way even when the placement ofarticles is changed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the main characteristics of anarticle management system according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a commoditymanagement system according to a first exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 3A is a diagram showing an exemplary structure of a readerwaveguide according to the first exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 3B is a diagram showing an exemplary structure of the readerwaveguide according to the first exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the structure of a tag antenna unitaccording to the first exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a top view showing the structure of the tag antenna unitaccording to the first exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing the structure of the tag antenna unitaccording to the first exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a three-view drawing showing an enlarged view of a commoditydisplay place on a commodity display shelf according to the firstexemplary embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a side view showing an enlarged view of a commodity displayplace on a commodity display shelf according to the first exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 9 is a table showing a relationship of a distance and an electricfield of an RFID tag according to the first exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a storemanagement device according to the first exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a view showing an example of data stored in the storemanagement device according to the first exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a view showing an example of data stored in the storemanagement device according to the first exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a view showing an example of data stored in the storemanagement device according to the first exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a commodity management method accordingto the first exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a method of creating a commoditymanagement table according to the first exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing the structure of a tag antennaunit and a metal foil sheet according to a second exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 17 is a top view showing the structure of the tag antenna unit andthe metal foil sheet according to the second exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 18 is a sectional view showing the structure of the tag antennaunit and the metal foil sheet according to the second exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 19 is a sectional view showing the structure of the metal foilsheet according to the second exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a storemanagement device according to the second exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing a commodity management method accordingto the second exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 22 is a perspective view showing the structure of a tag antennaunit and a space planning sheet according to a third exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 23 is a top view showing the structure of the tag antenna unit andthe space planning sheet according to the third exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 24 is a sectional view showing the structure of the tag antennaunit and the space planning sheet according to the third exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a storemanagement device according to the third exemplary embodiment; and

FIG. 26 is a flowchart showing a commodity management method accordingto the third exemplary embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Overview of Exemplary Embodiment

Prior to describing exemplary embodiments, the overview of thecharacteristics of exemplary embodiments is described hereinbelow. FIG.1 shows main elements of an article management system according to anexemplary embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1, the article management system according to thisexemplary embodiment includes a reader waveguide 101, a plurality ofRFID tags 102, a tag reading unit 103, an article presence/absencedetermination unit 104, an article position table storage unit 105, tagposition table storage unit 106, and an article management table storageunit 107.

The reader waveguide 101 is formed as an open transmission lineterminated with matching impedance. The plurality of RFID tags 102 arefixed in an allocable area 109 of an article 108 located above thereader waveguide 101 and electromagnetically coupled to the readerwaveguide 101.

The article position table storage unit 105 stores an article positiontable where identification information of the article 108 and anassigned position 110 of the article that is assigned to place thearticle 108 in the allocable area 109 are associated with each other.The tag position table storage unit 106 stores a tag position tablewhere tag information of the plurality of RFID tags 102 and fixedpositions of the plurality of RFID tags 102 are associated with eachother. The article management table storage unit 107 stores an articlemanagement table where the identification information of the article 108and the tag information of the plurality of RFID tags 102 are associatedwith each other based on the article position table and the tag positiontable.

The tag reading unit 103 performs reading from the plurality of RFIDtags 102 by electromagnetic coupling through the reader waveguide 101.The article presence/absence determination unit 104 refers to thearticle management table and determines the presence or absence of theplacement of the article 108 corresponding to the plurality of RFID tags102 based on results of reading the plurality of RFID tags 102.

As described above, in this exemplary embodiment, the article positiontable associating the identification information of articles and theassigned positions of the articles and the tag position tableassociating the tag information of the plurality of RFID tags and thefixed positions of the plurality of RFID tags are stored, and furtherthe article management table associating the identification informationof articles and the tag information of the plurality of RFID tags basedon the article position table and the tag position table is stored.Then, by referring to the article management table, the presence orabsence of an article corresponding to the plurality of RFID tags isdetermined based on results of reading the plurality of RFID tags.

Thus, in the case where the placement of articles is changed, thepresence or absence of the articles corresponding to the read RFID tagscan be determined by changing the article management table according tothe assigned positions of the articles. It is thereby possible to easilymanage the articles without need to change the positions or structuresof RFID tags according to a change in the placement of the articles.

First Exemplary Embodiment

A first exemplary embodiment is described hereinafter with reference tothe drawings. FIG. 2 shows an example of the configuration of acommodity management system according to this exemplary embodiment. Thecommodity management system constantly monitors the commoditiesdisplayed on a commodity display shelf in a store or the like todetermine the presence or absence of the commodities on the commoditydisplay shelf, and further performs processing such as display relatedto the display status. Although an example of the commodity managementsystem that manages commodities is described in this example, it may bean article management system that manages other articles, not limited tocommodities, which are detectable in this exemplary embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 2, the commodity management system according to thisexemplary embodiment includes a store management device 1, an RFIDreader 7, a commodity display shelf 8, and a tag antenna unit 50including a reader waveguide 4 and RFID tags 5. Note that the system mayinclude a plurality of commodity display shelves 8, or the commoditydisplay shelf 8 may be provided with a plurality of reader waveguides 4(tag antenna units 50).

The RFID reader 7 and the store management device 1 are connected to beable to transmit and receive data through a communication network 3 suchas LAN. The RFID reader 7 and the reader waveguide 4 are connectedthrough a high-frequency cable 3 a.

The tag antenna unit 50 is placed all over the area where commoditiescan be displayed on the commodity display shelf 8. The tag antenna unit50 is composed of the reader waveguide 4 and the RFID tags 5, and aplurality of RFID tags 5 are fixedly placed in advance on the readerwaveguide 4 that at least includes the area where commodities can bedisplayed. In this example, the whole top surface of the readerwaveguide 4 (tag antenna unit 50) is a commodity displayable area 2 b.The commodity displayable area 2 b is an allocable area in which acommodity 2 can be placed, and it includes a display position (placementarea) 2 a that is assigned to display (place) the commodity 2 by spaceplanning. The display position 2 a includes at least one RFID tag 5 thatis fixedly placed in advance. Note that the display position 2 aincludes a place (coordinates) where a commodity is to be placed and mayfurther include an area required to place a commodity in some cases.

For example, the commodity display shelf 8 may be provided with apositioning mechanism, and positioning may be done when mounting the tagantenna unit 50 (reader waveguide 4). As the positioning mechanism, amark or the like indicating the placement position of the tag antennaunit 50 may be displayed on the commodity display shelf 8.Alternatively, instead of the commodity display shelf 8, the tag antennaunit 50 may be used as a substitute for the shelf board.

The reader waveguide 4 is formed as an open transmission line terminatedwith matching impedance, and it is an open waveguide having a structurein which electromagnetic waves come out to the area surrounding thewaveguide as a near-field, such as a microstrip structure, a coplanarline, or a slot line. FIG. 3A shows an example where the readerwaveguide 4 is formed as microstrip lines, and FIG. 3B shows an examplewhere the reader waveguide 4 is formed as parallel lines.

In the example of FIG. 3A, the RFID reader 7 and a distributor 46 areconnected through a high-frequency cable 3 a, and the distributor 46distributes signals of the high-frequency cable 3 a to a plurality ofstrip conductors (micro strip lines) 43. A plurality of strip conductors43 lie in parallel on a spacer 42, which is a dielectric layer, and aground plane 41 is formed over the whole area below the spacer 42.

In the example of FIG. 3B, the RFID reader 7 and a distributor 46 areconnected through a high-frequency cable 3 a, and the distributor 46distributes signals of the high-frequency cable 3 a to a plurality ofparallel lines 45. A plurality of parallel lines 45 lie in parallel on aspacer 42, which is a dielectric layer. Note that, the distributor 46may have a function such as impedance conversion or balance-unbalanceconversion.

A specific exemplary structure of the tag antenna unit 50 according tothis exemplary embodiment is described hereinafter with reference toFIGS. 4 to 6. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the tag antenna unit 50,FIG. 5 is a top view thereof, and FIG. 6 is a front sectional view and aside sectional view thereof. In this example, the reader waveguide 4 ofthe tag antenna unit 50 is formed as microstrip lines.

As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the spacer 42 is formed over the whole areaabove the ground plane 41, which has the same size as the tag antennaunit 50. A plurality of strip conductors 43 are formed to lie inparallel at specified intervals from one end to the other end on thespacer 42. A spacer 44 is formed over the whole area above the spacer 42and the strip conductors 43. For example, the spacers 42 and 44 are madeof dielectric materials. A plurality of RFID tags 5 are placed in acertain pattern to fill the area above the spacer 44. By placing theplurality of RFID tags 5 in a uniform pattern, it is possible to dealwith various commodity placement patterns by space planning.

In order to detect the commodity 2 that is displayed at the displayposition 2 a by the RFID tags 5, the size of the RFID tag 5 ispreferably smaller than the size of the display position 2 a, which isthe size of the commodity (bottom surface) that comes into contact withthe placement plane when the commodity 2 is placed. Further, theinterval W of the RFID tags 5 shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 5 ispreferably narrower than the size of the display position 2 a, which isthe size of the commodity that comes into contact with the placementplane when the commodity 2 is placed, and it is more preferably lessthan half the size of the display position 2 a. In this case, two ormore RFID tags 5 can be included in the display position 2 a.Alternatively, the RFID tag that is entirely enclosed in the displayposition 2 a exists by necessity. By detecting one commodity 2 by aplurality of RFID tags 5, it is possible to enhance the detectionsensitivity. The interval W is a distance between two adjacent RFID tags5, and it is a distance from the center of the RFID tag 5 to the centerof the adjacent RFID tag 5 as shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 5, forexample.

If the RFID tags 5 are placed at small intervals, electromagneticcoupling occurs between the adjacent RFID tags 5 (tag antennas), whichcan degrade the detection sensitivity. It is thus preferred to placelines of RFID tags 5 that are placed at specified intervals along aspecified direction in a staggered fashion. Specifically, as shown inthe enlarged view of FIG. 5, a plurality of lines 51 of RFID tags 5placed at specified intervals W in a direction along which the stripconductors 43 lie (which is the column direction, or the shelf widthdirection, for example) are arranged. Then, the RFID tags are placed ina staggered fashion so that the RFID tags in the next line (the shelfdepth direction) come at the positions between the RFID tags that areadjacent in the column direction (the shelf width direction). By placingthe tags in a staggered fashion, the interval (distance) between theRFID tags that are adjacent in each column (the shelf depth direction)increases, thereby suppressing the electromagnetic coupling.

Further, by forming the ground plane 41, capacitance properties can begiven to the RFID tags 5, and the RFID tags 5 can be reduced in size. Itis thereby possible to read more RFID tags 5 in one strip conductor 43.Note that a protective layer that protects the ground plane 41 may beformed below the ground plane 41.

Further, the two adjacent strip conductors 43 are preferablydifferential transmission lines that transmit differential signals. Ifin-phase signals are transmitted through the two strip conductors 43, aregion where the electric field is 0 or too weak to read a tag appearsbetween the strip conductors 43, and there is a possibility that theRFID tags 5 cannot be read. To avoid this, by using differential stripconductors that transmit differential signals, such a region does notappear, and it is thus possible to reliably read the RFID tags 5.

In the structures of FIGS. 4 to 6, the RFID tags 5 transmit and receivedata to and from the reader waveguide 4 by using UHF band signals. Then,the RFID reader 7 in FIG. 2 reads management information that containssignal intensity information of a response signal output from the RFIDtag 5 and the tag information of the RFID tag 5 through the readerwaveguide 4. Further, as described in detail later, a distance L₁between the RFID tag 5 and the commodity 2 and a distance L₂ between theRFID tag 5 and the reader waveguide 4 are set by the spacer 44. Forexample, the distances are set to satisfy distance L₁<distance L₂. Notethat it is not necessary to place the spacer 44 if the relationship ofthe distance L₁ and the distance L₂ can be set.

Further, the RFID tag 5 has a tag antenna. Since the RFID tag 5 isplaced in the above-described position, the tag antenna and thecommodity 2 are electromagnetically coupled in the state where thecommodity 2 is placed at the display position 2 a. The reader waveguide4 is a transmission line terminated with matching impedance, and it isplaced at the above-described position to be electromagnetically coupledto the tag antenna, and when the commodity 2 is not placed thereon, thereader waveguide 4 can transmit and receive radio signals to and fromthe RFID tag 5.

The RFID reader 7 includes a receiving unit that supplies power to theRFID tags 5 through the reader waveguide 4 by radio waves, and receivesradio signals transmitted from the RFID tags 5 through the readerwaveguide 4 and acquires information from the received radio signals,and a transmitting and receiving unit that transmits the informationtransmitted from the RFID tags 5 to the store management device 1. TheRFID reader 7 may read the RFID tags 5 at the timing indicated by thestore management device 1 or may read the RFID tags 5 at the timingdetermined by itself. For example, the RFID reader 7 reads the RFID tags5 at specified time intervals such as one second.

When the commodity 2 is not placed at the position where the RFID tag 5exists, the RFID reader 7 and each of the RFID tags 5 are able tocommunicate with each other by electromagnetic coupling with the readerwaveguide 4 in a near-field. On the other hand, when the commodity 2 isplaced at the position where the RFID tag 5 exists, the communicationbetween the corresponding RFID tag 5 and the RFID reader 7 causes achange in the state of electromagnetic coupling by dielectric or metalof the commodity 2 itself, which results in interruption of informationtransmitted from the RFID tag 5 to the RFID reader 7 or reduction ofsignal intensity. Based on the interruption of information or thereduction of signal intensity, the RFID reader 7 (reader waveguide 4)sends a notification that the commodity 2 exists at the correspondingposition to the store management device 1, and it is thereby possible toknow the status of the commodities on the commodity display shelf 8.

Next, an element for implementing a commodity presence/absence detectionmethod according to this exemplary embodiment using the RFID reader 7,the reader waveguide 4 and the RFID tags 5 (commodity presence/absencedetection unit) and the principle of detection are described hereinafterin detail. For example, the RFID reader 7, the reader waveguide 4 andthe RFID tags 5 constitute the commodity presence/absence detectionunit, and the store management device 1 (commodity presence/absencedetermination unit) determines the presence or absence of a commoditybased on an output from the commodity presence/absence detection unit,thereby implementing the commodity presence/absence detection methodaccording to this exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a three-view drawing of the tag antenna unit 50 which includesthe reader waveguide 4 with a microstrip line structure and the RFIDtags 5 according to this exemplary embodiment. FIG. 7 shows an enlargedview of a part of the tag antenna unit 50 in which one commodity 2 isplaced. For easier understanding of the detection principle, the casewhere an RFID tag is placed above the strip line and one commodity isplaced on one RFID tag is described in this example.

The reader waveguide 4 shown in FIG. 7, just like in FIGS. 4 to 6, is atraveling-wave waveguide for a reader using microstrip lines, which areone type of open transmission lines. The reader waveguide 4 includes aspacer 42, which is a dielectric layer, and a strip conductor 43 isformed on the upper surface of the spacer 42, and a ground plane 41 isformed on the lower surface of the spacer 42. The RFID tag 5 is placedabove the strip conductor 43. Further, the commodity 2 is placed in thedisplay position 2 a above the RFID tag 5, where the RFID tag 5 iscovered. The RFID tag 5 includes an RFID chip 201 and a tag antenna 202.

FIG. 8 is a front view illustrating the commodity presence/absencedetection unit that includes the reader waveguide 4, the RFID tag 5 andthe RFID reader 7 according to this exemplary embodiment. Like FIG. 7,FIG. 8 shows an enlarged view of a part of the tag antenna unit 50 inwhich one commodity 2 is placed.

In the reader waveguide 4 in FIG. 8, just like that in FIG. 7, the stripconductor 43 is formed on the upper surface of the spacer 42, and theground plane 41 is formed on the lower surface of the spacer 42. One endof the strip conductor 43 and the ground plane 41 are connected to eachother via a matching termination resistor Rt. With such a connection,the reader waveguide 4 is terminated with matching impedance. Further,the RFID reader 7 is connected at the other end of the strip conductor43.

As shown in FIG. 8, the commodity 2 is placed at a position in which adistance from the tag antenna 202 of the RFID tag 5 is a first distanceL₁. The tag antenna 202 of the RFID tag 5 is placed at a position inwhich a distance from the strip conductor 43 is a second distance L₂.

Although only the distance relation of the commodity 2, the tag antenna202 and the strip conductor 43 is shown in FIG. 8, in order to satisfythe above distance relation, when covering the RFID tag 5 with a plasticplate or the like, for example, the thickness of the plastic plate canbe used. Specifically, by embedding the RFID tag 5 in a plastic plateand forming a sheet having the RFID tag using this plastic plate, it ispossible to achieve the above-described first distance L₁.

Further, by disposing a spacer 44 below the RFID tags 5 as shown inFIGS. 4 to 6, it is possible to provide a board that supports the tagsand also achieve the above-described second distance L₂. This techniqueis one way to achieve the first distance L₁ and the second distance L₂,and another technique may be used. For example, in order to achieve thesecond distance L₂, the strip conductor 43 and the tag antenna 202 maybe spaced apart from each other by the distance L₂ on the same plane.

Effects by the relations of the components of the commodity managementsystem according to this exemplary embodiment are described hereinafterin further detail with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

First, as shown in FIG. 7, in the commodity management system accordingto the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the commodity 2 isplaced above the tag antenna 202 of the RFID tag 5 at the first distanceL₁. Further, the strip conductor 43 connected to the RFID reader 7 isplaced below the RFID tag 5 at the second distance L₂ as theline-of-sight distance between the strip conductor 43 and the tagantenna 202. In this manner, in this commodity management system, thecommodity 2 is placed in an area other than the area interposed betweenthe reader waveguide 4 (the strip conductor 43) and the RFID tag 5.Thus, the line-of-sight between the reader waveguide 4 and the RFID tag5 is not interrupted by the commodity 2.

As described above, in this commodity management system, it is preferredto adjust the first distance L₁ between the commodity 2 and the tagantenna 202 and the second distance L₂ being the line-of-sight distancebetween the tag antenna 202 and the reader waveguide 4 (the stripconductor 43). Further, in this commodity management system, it ispreferred to adjust a coupling coefficient k₂ between the commodity 2and the tag antenna 202 and a coupling coefficient k₁ between the tagantenna 202 and the reader waveguide 4 (the strip conductor 43) byadjusting the first distance L₁ and the second distance L₂. In thiscommodity management system, the signal intensity between the tagantenna 202 and the reader waveguide 4 is changed according to thecoupling coefficient k₂ that varies depending on the presence or absenceof the commodity 2, and the presence or absence of the commodity 2 isdetermined based on the change in signal intensity.

The relations among the first distance L₁, the second distance L₂, andthe coupling coefficients k₁ and k₂, and effects of the commoditymanagement system according to this exemplary embodiment based on thosesettings are described hereinbelow.

First, while electromagnetic coupling is used in this exemplaryembodiment, the coupling coefficients that indicate the strength of theelectromagnetic coupling can be relatively easily evaluated by anelectromagnetic field simulator. Further, in the description of theelectromagnetic coupling, when the wavelength of a radio signal betweenthe tag antenna 202 and the reader waveguide 4 is λ, an area whosedistance from a wave source (for example, waveguide) is shorter thanλ/2π (π is a circular constant) is referred to as a reactive near-field,an area whose distance from the wave source is longer than λ/2π andshorter than λ is referred to as a radiative near-field, and these twoareas are collectively referred to as a near-field region.

In this near-field region, the electromagnetic field exhibitscomplexity, and a quasi-static electromagnetic field, an inducedelectromagnetic field and a radiated electromagnetic field havenon-negligible intensity ratios, and the vector obtained by synthesizingthose fields changes in different ways spatially and temporally. As oneexample, in the case where the wave source is an infinitesimal dipoleantenna, when an electric field E[V/m] and a magnetic field H[A/m]generated by this antenna are represented in spherical coordinatesystems (r, θ, φ) and phasor representation, they can be represented bythe following Expressions (1) to (4).

$\begin{matrix}{E_{o} = {\frac{ql}{4\pi\; ɛ}{\{ {\frac{1}{r^{3}} + {\frac{1}{r^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{( {{\lambda/2}\pi} )} \cdot e^{j_{2}^{\pi}}} + {\frac{1}{r} \cdot \frac{1}{( {{\lambda/2}\pi} )^{2}} \cdot e^{j\;\pi}}} \} \cdot e^{{- j}\; k\; r} \cdot \sin}\;\theta}} & (1) \\{E_{r} = {\frac{ql}{2\pi\; ɛ}{\{ {\frac{1}{r^{3}} + {\frac{1}{r^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{( {{\lambda/2}\pi} )} \cdot e^{j_{2}^{\pi}}}} \} \cdot e^{{- j}\; k\; r} \cdot \cos}\;\theta}} & (2) \\{H_{\phi} = {\frac{ql}{4\pi\;\sqrt{ɛ\mu}}{\{ {{\frac{1}{r^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{( {{\lambda/2}\pi} )} \cdot e^{j\frac{\pi}{2}}} + {\frac{1}{r} \cdot \frac{1}{( {{\lambda/2}\pi} )} \cdot e^{j\;\pi}}} \} \cdot e^{{- j}\; k\; r} \cdot \sin}\;\phi}} & (3) \\{E_{\phi} = {H_{\theta} = {H_{r} = 0}}} & (4)\end{matrix}$

In the above Expressions (1) to (4), charges stored in the infinitesimaldipole antenna is q[C], the length of the antenna is l[m], thewavelength is λ[m], and a distance from the wave source to anobservation point is r[m]. Further, π is a circular constant, ∈ is adielectric constant, and μ is a magnetic permeability. In the aboveExpressions (1) to (4), the term proportional to 1/r³ is thequasi-static electromagnetic field, the term proportional to 1/r² is theinduced electromagnetic field, and the term proportional to 1/r is theradiated electromagnetic field. Since these electromagnetic fieldcomponents have different dependencies on the distance r, the relativeintensity changes depending on the distance r.

FIG. 9 shows a table showing dependencies on the distance r standardizedby the wavelength λ for the relative intensity of thequasi-electrostatic field, the induced electric field, and the radiatedelectric field in an electric field E_(θ). Note that the second row ofthe table in FIG. 9 shows the distances converted by the free spacewavelength of 950 MHz, which is substantially the same as the frequencyof the UHF′ (Ultra High Frequency)-band RFID allowed in the JapaneseRadio Act.

As is obvious from the table shown in FIG. 9, when the distance rincreases, the intensity of each of the electric fields becomes small,and each component ratio changes accordingly. For example, in the regionof r<λ/2π, the quasi-electrostatic field has the greatest intensity, theinduced electric field has the next greatest intensity, and the radiatedelectric field has the least intensity, and in the region of r>λ/2π, thequasi-electrostatic field has the least intensity, the induced electricfield has the next least intensity, and the radiated electric field hasthe greatest intensity. Further, in the region of r>λ, the contributionsof the quasi-electrostatic field and the induced electric field areextremely small, and in a far field, which is the region of r>2λ, onlythe radiated electric field component substantially makes acontribution. On the other hand, in the region of r<λ, thequasi-electrostatic field and the induced electric field stillsufficiently make contributions, and in the reactive near-field ofr<λ/2π, the quasi-electrostatic field and the induced electric fieldmake great contributions.

Further, as shown in Expressions (1) to (4), in contrast to the factthat the radiated electric field in a faraway field (r>>λ/2π) includeθ-direction components only, the quasi-static electromagnetic field andthe induced electric field include r-direction components andφ-direction components in addition to θ-direction components, thushaving components in various directions. In general, in such a reactivenear-field, compared to the radiated electromagnetic field that isradiated into the space from the antenna and propagates through thespace, the quasi-static electromagnetic field and the inducedelectromagnetic field that remain near the antenna (waveguide) aredominant, and the absolute electromagnetic field intensity is also high.In the radiative near-field, the absolute electromagnetic fieldintensity generally becomes lower with an increase in the distance fromthe wave source. Further, the relative intensity of the quasi-staticelectromagnetic field and the induced electromagnetic field becomesabruptly lower with an increase in the distance from the wave source. Asa result, the relative intensity of the radiated electromagnetic fieldto the other electromagnetic fields becomes higher. As described above,in the near-field region, the quasi-static electromagnetic field and theinduced electromagnetic field exist, and, the existence of thoseelectromagnetic fields causes coupling between the reader waveguide 4and the tag antenna 202 and coupling between the tag antenna 202 and thecommodity 2.

In a passive RFID system that uses a normal UHF band or a microwaveband, the distance r between the reader antenna corresponding to thereader waveguide 4 and the tag antenna satisfies the relation of r>λ,and the radiated electromagnetic field is used for the communication. Inorder to efficiently generate the radiated electromagnetic field, aresonant antenna such as a patch antenna is often used as the readerantenna. When such a resonant antenna is used in the near-field regionof r<λ, the electromagnetic field intensity greatly varies depending onthe location due to the standing waves in the resonant antenna. Forexample, the amplitude becomes the largest near the anti-node of thestanding wave, and the amplitude becomes 0 at the node of the standingwave. Accordingly, when the distance r between the reader antenna andthe tag antenna using such a resonant antenna satisfies the relation ofr<λ, the tag antenna cannot receive signals from the reader antenna orthe reception signal intensity becomes extremely low at a position nearthe midpoint of the standing wave in the reader antenna in some cases.In other words, a dead area is created, which can adversely affect theusage.

On the other hand, the antennas may be electromagnetically coupledthrough the quasi-state electromagnetic field and the inducedelectromagnetic field existing in the near-field region of r<λ, or morepreferably in the reactive near-field of r<λ/2π to thereby form acoupled circuit. In this case, there is no need for a wide space betweenthe RFID reader and the RFID tag according to the condition. However, ifthe resonant antenna is merely used instead of the reader waveguide 4, adead area is created, which can adversely affect the usage.

In view of the above, in the commodity management system according tothis exemplary embodiment, the reader waveguide 4 to be connected to theRFID reader 7 is formed as the open transmission line terminated withmatching impedance, and the RFID tag 5 is placed so that the opentransmission line and the tag antenna 202 of the RFID tag 5 areelectromagnetically coupled. In this commodity management system, withuse of the open transmission line that emits less electric waves as thereader waveguide 4 of the RFID reader 7, the reader waveguide 4 and thetag antenna 202 are electromagnetically coupled through the quasi-staticelectromagnetic field and the induced electromagnetic field that aremainly generated around the open transmission line, thereby forming acoupled circuit. In other words, the open transmission line is used as atraveling wave antenna that operates in the near-field region. In thisstructure, there is no need to provide a wide space between the readerwaveguide 4 and the RFID tag 5.

Further, because the communication between the reader waveguide 4 andthe tag antenna 202 is carried out at a short distance through thecoupled circuit, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of multipathphenomenon and false detection caused by a person or an objectinterposed between the reader waveguide 4 and the place where thecommodity 2 is placed. Further, because the open transmission lineterminated with matching impedance is used as the reader waveguide 4,the main components of the electromagnetic waves propagating through theantenna do not generate standing waves and propagate to the endterminated with matching impedance. Not generating standing wavesstrictly means that standing waves are sufficiently small, and usuallymeans that the standing wave ratio is two or less.

Note that, in the case where the place to put the tag antenna 202 isrestricted or in the case where the range where the tag antenna 202operates effectively can be large to be able to ignore the effect of thenode in standing wave components, larger standing waves may be used.

When the transmission line is terminated with sufficient matchingaccuracy, or when the electromagnetic waves propagating through thetransmission line are sufficiently attenuated near the end, largestanding waves are not generated in the transmission line and travelingwaves serve as main components. The electromagnetic field distributionin such a transmission line can be used. In the electromagnetic fieldformed in the space around this line, the range of radiatedelectromagnetic field is relatively small, and the staticelectromagnetic field and the induced electromagnetic field serve asmain components. The electromagnetic field intensity of the staticelectromagnetic field and the induced electromagnetic field is higherthan the intensity of the radiated electromagnetic field, and even whenthe reader operates at the same power, the electromagnetic fieldintensity obtained by the RFID tag 5 is high. In other words, it ispossible to prevent the radiated electromagnetic field that deterioratesthe surrounding electromagnetic environment from appearing whileensuring the proper operation of the tags.

In the standing wave antenna such as a patch antenna that is commonlyused, the electromagnetic field distribution around the antenna isextremely uneven according to the distribution of standing waves insidethe antenna, and in order to avoid the dead area, the area where thecommodity 2 can be managed needs to be limited. On the other hand, inthe case of the reader waveguide formed as the open transmission linedescribed in this exemplary embodiment, even near the waveguide, a partthat does not change such as the node of standing waves does not existin the electromagnetic field distribution, and it is thus possible toobtain necessary signal intensity all over the place. Thus, in thenear-field region as well, there is no significant unevenness of theelectromagnetic field along the waveguide (antenna), and the area wherethe tag information of the RFID tag 5 cannot be read hardly appears.Thus, the flexibility of placing the reader waveguide 4 and the tagantenna 202 increases.

Further, in the commodity management system according to this exemplaryembodiment, because the communication is performed through theelectromagnetic coupling between the reader waveguide 4 and the tagantenna 202 using the traveling waves as signals, a dead area is notlikely to appear in contrast to the resonant antenna, and it is thuspossible to create the situation where there is no adverse effects onthe usage. Therefore, the detection unit extends the transmission line,regardless of the wavelength, within the range where the intensity ofthe quasi-static electromagnetic field and the induced electromagneticfield generated around the open transmission line is high enough for theRFID tag 5 to operate, and it is thereby possible to widen the coveragearea. Thus, in the commodity management system according to thisexemplary embodiment, by use of the aforementioned open transmissionline, it is possible to suppress the radiation loss of power and easilyenlarge the coverage area.

The open transmission line in this specification is basically atransmission line that aims to suppress radiation and transmitelectromagnetic waves in the longitudinal direction of the line, and itis an open line where the space between the line and the RFID tag 5 isnot completely covered with metal in order to allow electromagneticcoupling to the RFID tag 5. As an example, the open transmission linemay be a balanced two-wire transmission line or transmission linessimilar to it, a transmission line such as a microstrip line, a coplanarline or a slot line, a grounded coplanar line or a triplate line, whichare variations of those transmission lines. Alternatively, even in astrip line, the RFID tag 5 may be interposed between a ground conductorand a strip conductor, and the ground conductor may be provided with anappropriate open structure. Further, the open transmission line may be,although it depends on the condition for use, a plane-shaped(two-dimensional) antenna that transfers signals by changing theelectromagnetic field to propagate between the narrow area interposedbetween a mesh-shaped conductor part and a sheet-shaped conductor partand the near-field leakage region outside of the mesh-shaped conductorpart. On the other hand, a shield transmission line that does notgenerate such an electromagnetic field around the transmission line suchas a coaxial cable or a waveguide tube that shields the transmissionline cannot be used.

The traveling wave antenna that aims to perform electromagneticradiation in a far field using so-called a crank-line antenna, a meanderline antenna or a leaky coaxial cable that obtains a constant radiatedelectromagnetic field intensity by designing the crank shape for theradiation of electromagnetic waves from the open transmission line oractively using a higher-order mode is different from the opentransmission line that is used for the commodity management systemaccording to this exemplary embodiment. Since, in those traveling waveantennas, the radiation of electromagnetic waves preferentially occursfrom cranks or slots periodically provided with a size of wavelength,which is a size of 1/10 or more of the wavelength in general, theintensity of the electromagnetic field greatly varies depending on theplace, which is similar to the resonant antenna described earlier. Thus,when used in the near-field region, reading of tag information becomesunstable or the tag cannot be read out in some places, which adverselyaffects the usage. Further, in the UHF-band RFID system, allocatedfrequencies are different in different countries and are generallydistributed in the bandwidth of about 860 to 960 MHz, and thiscorresponds to a bandwidth ratio of about 10%, thus requiring seriouschanges to the design of the resonance point of the resonant antenna orthe cycles of the cranks, the meanders, and the slots. On the otherhand, in the commodity management system according to this exemplaryembodiment, the open transmission line originally having an extremelywide bandwidth is used, and it is thereby possible to use the sameantenna as the reader waveguide 4 without any special changes.

Further, in the commodity management system according to this exemplaryembodiment, the display position 2 a for placing the commodity 2 isprovided near the RFID tag 5 so that the commodity 2 and the tag antenna202 of the RFID tag 5 are electromagnetically coupled. Thus, when thereis the commodity 2, the commodity 2 and the tag antenna 202 form thecoupled circuit, and therefore the resonance frequency of the tagantenna 202 changes or the feed-point impedance of the tag antenna 202changes compared to the case where there is no commodity 2. The tagantenna 202 is created to resonate at a frequency of a signal to be usedfor the communication in the free space, and further the feed-pointimpedance of the tag antenna 202 is adjusted to maximize the receptionsensitivity. Thus, the above-described changes decrease the receptionsensitivity and causes adverse effects on the operation of the tagantenna 202 when transmitting a reflected signal to the RFID reader 7.As a result, the power reception sensitivity for a signal to be used forthe communication decreases. Further, the transmission power of a signalreflected by the RFID tag 5 also decreases. Accordingly, the RFID tag 5cannot receive a signal from the RFID reader 7, the received powerintensity of a signal is too low to secure the operating power of thetag, or the tag cannot generate a reflected electromagnetic field withsufficient intensity. As a result, the RFID reader 7 can no longer readthe tag information of the RFID tag 5. Alternatively, the intensity orthe phase of the reflected electromagnetic field that reaches the RFIDreader 7 largely varies with a change in the resonance frequency of thetag or the like. Thus, when the commodity 2 is at the display position 2a, the tag information cannot be read, or the intensity of the reflectedelectromagnetic field from the RFID tag 5 largely varies compared to thecase where there is no commodity 2, and therefore the commoditymanagement system can detect the presence of the commodity 2. Stateddifferently, as a result that a change has occurred in the operatingcharacteristics of the tag antenna 202 depending on the presence orabsence of the commodity 2, the RFID reader 7 can detect a change in theintensity of a reflected signal from the RFID tag 5, and, based on thisdetection result, the commodity management system according to thisexemplary embodiment can detect the presence or absence of thecommodity.

The configuration of the store management device 1 according to thisexemplary embodiment is described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 10.In the exemplary configuration shown in FIG. 10, the store managementdevice 1 includes a commodity information database 11, a space planningtable creation unit 12, a tag position table creation unit 13, acommodity management table creation unit 14, a tag reading unit 15, acommodity presence/absence determination unit 16, and a commoditymanagement unit 17.

Note that, although those blocks are described as the functions of thestore management device 1 in this example, some or all of those blocksmay be included in the RFID reader 7, and necessary information may betransmitted from the RFID reader 7 to the store management device 1.Further, the configuration of the functional blocks is by way ofillustration only, and another configuration may be employed as long asthe commodity management according to this exemplary embodiment, whichis described later, can be achieved.

For example, the store management device 1 includes a commonly usedcomputer device (server device). The store management device 1 includesa central processing unit (CPU), a storage device such as a memory or ahard disk, an input device such as a keyboard, a display device such asa liquid crystal display, and a communication unit to be connected to acommunication network 3. The storage device stores a commoditymanagement program for implementing commodity management processingaccording to this exemplary embodiment, and the CPU executes thisprogram to implement each functional block. Note that the storemanagement device 1 is not limited to a single computer, and it may becomposed of a plurality of computers.

The commodity management program can be stored and provided to thecomputer using any type of non-transitory computer readable medium. Thenon-transitory computer readable medium includes any type of tangiblestorage medium. Examples of the non-transitory computer readable mediuminclude magnetic storage media (such as floppy disks, magnetic tapes,hard disk drives, etc.), optical magnetic storage media (e.g.magneto-optical disks), CD-ROM (Read Only Memory), CD-R, CD-R/W, andsemiconductor memories (such as mask ROM, PROM (Programmable ROM), EPROM(Erasable PROM), flash ROM, RAM (Random Access Memory), etc.). Theprogram may be provided to a computer using any type of transitorycomputer readable medium. Examples of the transitory computer readablemedium include electric signals, optical signals, and electromagneticwaves. The transitory computer readable medium can provide the programto a computer via a wired communication line such as an electric wire oroptical fiber or a wireless communication line.

The commodity information database 11 stores commodity informationrelated to the commodity 2 displayed on the commodity display shelf 8.In this exemplary embodiment, the commodity information database 11includes a space planning table 11 a, a tag position table 11 b, and acommodity management table 11 c. Specifically, the commodity informationdatabase 11 includes a space planning table storage unit that stores thespace planning table 11 a, a tag position table storage unit that storesthe tag position table 11 b, and a commodity management table storageunit that stores the commodity management table 11 c. FIG. 11 shows oneexample of the space planning table 11 a, FIG. 12 shows one example ofthe tag position table 11 b, and FIG. 13 shows one example of thecommodity management table 11 c.

The space planning table 11 a is one example of the article positiontable, and it stores display position information (space planninginformation) of commodities on a shelf in association with commodityinformation. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the space planning table11 a associates a commodity name, a manufacturer, a commodity size, andspace planning information. The commodity name, the manufacturer and thecommodity size are identification information (commodity information)that identifies a commodity to be placed on the shelf. The commodityname is a selling name of a commodity, which is commodity specifyinginformation that specifies a commodity. When there are differentcommodities (flavor, size etc.) with the same selling name, they may befurther divided by flavor or the like. The manufacturer is a name of amanufacturer or a dealer of a commodity, which also serves as groupinformation that associates different commodities. The group informationis not limited to a manufacturer, and another group information such asa type of food may be used.

The commodity size is a size of the outer shape of a commodity, and itincludes width, height and depth, for example. The commodity size isalso a placement size that occupies an area on the shelf when thecommodity is placed. A size of the display position (placement area) ofa commodity can be specified based on the width (the length in thehorizontal direction of the shelf) and the depth (the length from thefront to the back of the shelf) of the commodity.

The space planning information is the display position (placementposition or assigned position) on the shelf (commodity displayable area2 b) which is assigned to each commodity by space planning, and itcontains a shelf number, a row number, a face, and a quantity in depth,for example. The shelf number (board number) is information thatidentifies a commodity display shelf board (gondola) located in a store.The row number is information that identifies a row of the shelfprovided in the commodity display shelf board (gondola). The face isinformation that identifies an arrangement position (face position),which is a position in the front row of the shelf. Note that, inaddition to the face position of commodities, a quantity in face thatindicates the number of faces (number of columns) to place the samecommodities may be used. The quantity in depth is information indicatingthe number of the same commodities to be placed in a face (column) fromthe front to the back of the shelf. The space planning informationspecifies where on which shelf and how many commodities to be placed,and the whole placement area of one commodity can be specified by thespace planning information and the commodity size.

The first example of data in FIG. 11 shows that the commodity with thecommodity name “canned tuna” by the manufacturer “AAA” has the commoditysize “70 mm in width, 30 mm in height and 70 mm in depth” and isassigned so that the six commodities in depth are placed in the 340thcolumn (face) on the second row of the shelf board with the shelf number“03” by space planning.

As shown in FIG. 12, the tag position table 11 b is a table that storesdisplay position information of RFID tags on the shelf in associationwith the tag ID of RFID tags. The tag ID (tag information) isidentification information that is assigned to each RFID tag 5 andstored by the RFID tag 5 in advance. The position information of RFIDtags on the shelf is a fixed position that is fixed in advance on theshelf (commodity displayable area 2 b), and it contains a shelf number,a row number, a face position, and a depth position. Like the spaceplanning information in FIG. 11, the shelf number (board number)identifies a commodity display shelf board (gondola), the row numberidentifies a row of the shelf, the face position identifies thearrangement position on the shelf, and the depth position indicates theposition in the depth direction from the front of a face (column).

The first example of data in FIG. 12 shows that the RFID tag with thetag ID “12340001” is fixedly placed in the position at 40 mm from thefront in the 340th column (face) on the second row of the shelf boardwith the shelf number “03”.

The commodity management table 11 c is one example of the articlemanagement table, and it stores the state of commodities by associatingthe RFID tag with each commodity information. Further, this tablefurther associates the position of each commodity according to need.Because the position of a commodity can be known from the space planningtable 11 a in some cases, it may be omitted. For example, as shown inFIG. 13, the commodity management table 11 c associates a commodityname, a manufacturer, space planning information (position information),a tag ID, and the presence or absence of a commodity. The commodity nameand the manufacturer are identification information of a commodity, andthey correspond to the commodity name and the manufacturer contained inthe space planning table 11 a. The space planning information isposition information (placement information) of each commodity, and itcorresponds to the space planning information contained in the spaceplanning table 11 a. For example, just like the space planninginformation in FIG. 11, the space planning information contains a shelfnumber, a row number, a face, and order in depth. Although the spaceplanning information in FIG. 11 contains the quantity in depth becausespace planning is done for a plurality of commodities together, thespace planning information in FIG. 13 contains the order of depth, whichis the order from the front to the back of a face (column) because eachcommodity are identified. Note that a plurality of commodities and aplurality of tag ID may be associated together if the commodities andthe tag ID can be associated. The tag ID is identification informationof an RFID tag, and it corresponds to the tag ID contained in the tagposition table 11 b. The presence or absence of a commodity is commoditydisplay (placement) status information indicating whether a commodity isdisplayed (placed) on the RFID tag 5, and it shows a detection result ofthe RFID tag 5.

The first example of data in FIG. 13 shows that, among the commoditieswith the commodity name “canned tuna” by the manufacturer “AAA”, thecommodity that is allocated by space planning to the order of depth “1”in the 340th column (face) on the second row of the shelf board with theshelf number “03” corresponds to the position of the RFID tag with thetag ID “12340001” and that this commodity is currently not displayed atthis position from the detection result of the RFID tag with the tag ID“12340001”. Further, the second example of data in FIG. 13 shows that,among the commodities with the commodity name “canned tuna” by themanufacturer “AAA”, the commodity that is allocated by space planning tothe order of depth “2” in the 340th column (face) on the second row ofthe shelf board with the shelf number “03” corresponds to the positionsof the two RFID tags with the tag ID “12340002” and “12340003” and thatthis commodity is currently displayed at this position from thedetection result of the RFID tags with the tag ID “12340002” and“12340003”.

The elements in FIG. 10 are further described hereinbelow. The spaceplanning table creation unit 12 creates the space planning table 11 aand stores the created space planning table 11 a into the commodityinformation database 11. The space planning table creation unit 12 isconfigured using commonly used space planning software (space planningprogram), and runs the space planning software and thereby creates thespace planning table 11 a. For example, the space planning tablecreation unit 12 creates the space planning table 11 a by receivinginput of commodity information such as a commodity name, a manufacturerand a commodity size from commodity master data and input of fixtureinformation such as a position, a size and the like of a commoditydisplay shelf board (gondola) and a commodity display shelf from fixturemaster data, and then performing space planning according to useroperation, sales trend, season, campaign and the like.

Note that the space planning table 11 a may be input to the storemanagement device 1 from the outside, without being created in the storemanagement device 1. For example, a head office that consolidates themanagement of a plurality of retail stores may create the space planningtable 11 a using space planning software and input it to the storemanagement device 1 of each retail store. Specifically, the spaceplanning table creation unit 12 may be a space planning tableacquisition unit that acquires (receives) the space planning table 11 afrom the outside and stores the acquired space planning table 11 a intothe commodity information database 11.

The tag position table creation unit 13 creates the tag position table11 b and stores the created tag position table 11 b into the commodityinformation database 11. Tag ID and position information of RFID tagsplaced on the shelf are input to the tag position table creation unit13, and the tag position table creation unit 13 creates the tag positiontable 11 b by associating the tag ID and the position information.

For example, on-shelf position information may be displayed in the areato place an RFID tag, and a tag ID may be displayed on the RFID tag, anda user may read the position information and the tag ID of the RFID tagby visual inspection and input the read position information and the tagID to the store management device 1. As another example, a barcodeindicating on-shelf position information may be displayed in an area toplace an RFID tag, a barcode indicating a tag ID may be displayed on anRFID tag, and the position information and the tag ID of the RFID tagmay be sequentially read using a barcode reader, and the read positioninformation and tag ID may be input to the store management device 1. Asyet another example, a shelf on which an RFID tag is placed may bephotographed by a camera or the like, and the position and the tag ID ofthe RFID tag may be acquired by performing image processing.

Note that the tag position table 11 b may be input to the storemanagement device 1 from the outside, without being created in the storemanagement device 1. For example, the tag position table creation unit13 may be a tag position table acquisition unit that acquires (receives)the tag position table 11 b corresponding to the placement of RFID tagsand stores the acquired tag position table 11 b into the commodityinformation database 11.

The commodity management table creation unit 14 creates the commoditymanagement table 11 c based on the space planning table 11 a and the tagposition table 11 b, which is, according to the relationship between thespace planning information in the space planning table 11 a and theposition information in the tag position table 11 b, and stores thecreated commodity management table 11 c into the commodity informationdatabase 11. The commodity management table creation unit 14 calculatesan area (placement area) in a commodity display position from thecommodity size and the space planning information in the space planningtable 11 a. Then, the commodity management table creation unit 14determines the RFID tag that is located in the calculated area in thecommodity display position from the tag position information in the tagposition table 11 b. Further, the commodity management table creationunit 14 associates the determined RFID tag and the commodity and therebycreates the commodity management table 11 c.

Note that, instead of automatically creating the commodity managementtable 11 c from the space planning table 11 a and the tag position table11 b, the commodity management table 11 c may be created based on theassociation between commodities and RFID tags that is input from theoutside.

For example, position information may be displayed in an area on ashelf, commodity information may be displayed on a commodity, and a tagID may be displayed on an RFID tag, and a user may read the positioninformation, the commodity information and the tag ID of the commodityby visual inspection and inputs the read position information, commodityinformation and tag ID to the store management device 1 and thereby thecreate commodity management table 11 c. As another example, a barcodeindicating position information may be displayed in an area on a shelf,a barcode (for example, JAN code) indicating commodity information maybe displayed on a commodity, and a barcode indicating a tag ID isdisplayed on an RFID tag, and the position information, the commodityinformation and the tag ID of the commodity may be sequentially readusing a barcode reader, and the read position information, commodityinformation and tag ID may be input to the store management device 1 tothereby create the commodity management table 11 c.

The tag reading unit 15 reads the RFID tags 5 on the reader waveguide 4through the RFID reader 7. For example, the tag reading unit 15 maytransmit a bulk read command for reading all tags to the RFID reader 7,and the RFID reader 7 may read all of the RFID tags 5 on the readerwaveguide 4 at a time.

An allocated frequency band for reading RFID tags is restricted by RadioLaw of each country. Thus, a reading rate is limited to about severalhundred tags per second. Therefore, if a large number of RFID tags areplaced on the reader waveguide 4 and all of them are read, the readingrate becomes low, and it takes a long time to detect commodities. Toavoid this, in this exemplary embodiment, it is preferred to read onlythe RFID tags necessary for detection of commodities. Specifically, thetag reading unit 15 reads only the RFID tags with the tag ID stored inthe commodity management table 11 c. The tag reading unit 15 transmitsan individual read command indicating the corresponding tag ID to theRFID reader 7, and the RFID reader 7 reads the corresponding RFID tags 5on the reader waveguide 4.

The commodity presence/absence determination unit 16 is one example ofthe article presence/absence determination unit and determines thepresence or absence (display status) of the commodity on the commoditydisplay shelf 8 corresponding to the RFID tag 5 according to the signalreceived from the RFID tag 5 based on the commodity management table 11c. As described above, the commodity presence/absence determination unit16 receives the intensity or the like of the signal received from theRFID tag 5 by the RFID reader 7, and when the signal is interrupted orthe signal intensity is lower than a certain threshold, determines thatthere is a commodity on the commodity display shelf 8 corresponding tothe RFID tag 5 in the commodity management table 11 c, and when thesignal intensity is equal to or higher than the threshold, determinesthat there is no commodity on the commodity display shelf 8. Further,the commodity presence/absence determination unit 16 sets the determinedstatus of the presence or absence of a commodity to the commoditymanagement table 11 c. The threshold to determine the signal intensitymay be a value that is predetermined in the design phase of thecommodity management system. Further, the signal intensity when there isno commodity may be measured, and this measured value or a value lowerthan the measured value may be set as the threshold.

The commodity management unit 17 performs necessary processing such asnotification to a store clerk according to the detected presence orabsence of the commodity. For example, the commodity management unit 17displays the commodity display shelf and the commodity placement areaand further displays the detected status of the presence of absence ofthe commodity by GUI or the like on the display device. Further, thecommodity management unit 17 may determine that it is necessary toreplenish the commodities when the number of commodities falls below aspecified number, and notify the replenishment of the commodities to astore clerk. When there is no commodity in the front row of the shelf,the commodity management unit 17 may determine that it is necessary tocorrect the display and notify the correction of display to a storeclerk.

A commodity management method (article management method) that isperformed in the commodity management system according to this exemplaryembodiment is described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 14.

As shown in FIG. 14, the tag position table creation unit 13 firstcreates the tag position table 11 b by associating the tag ID of theRFID tag and the position information of the RFID tag (S101). The tagposition table creation unit 13 acquires the position of the RFID tagplaced on the shelf in advance by user input, a barcode reader or thelike and thereby creates the tag position table 11 b.

Next, the space planning table creation unit 12 creates the spaceplanning table 11 a by associating the commodity information and thespace planning information (S102). The space planning table creationunit 12 performs space planning by using space planning software at thetiming such as every season or each campaign and thereby creates thespace planning table 11 a. Alternatively, the space planning tablecreation unit 12 acquires the space planning table 11 a created inadvance from the outside.

Then, the commodity management table creation unit 14 creates thecommodity management table 11 c by associating the commodity informationand the tag ID of the RFID tag (S103). When the space planning table 11a is created or acquired, the commodity management table creation unit14 refers to the space planning table 11 a and the tag position table 11b and thereby creates the commodity management table 11 c for detectingthe presence or absence of a commodity. The commodity management tablecreation unit creates the commodity management table 11 c automaticallybased on the space planning table 11 a and the tag position table 11 b,or creates the commodity management table 11 c by receiving input theposition of the RFID tag corresponding to the commodity by user input, abarcode reader or the like.

FIG. 15 shows a specific example in the case of automatically creatingthe commodity management table in S103. First, the commodity managementtable creation unit 14 refers to the space planning table 11 a andcalculates the area (placement area) of the display position of acommodity according to a commodity size and space information (S201).For example, in the example of FIG. 11, the placement area of eachcommodity can be calculated by the width and depth of the commoditysize, and further, the placement area in the face (column) can becalculated by multiplying the quantity in depth in the space planninginformation. Further, the placement area may be specified inconsideration of the shape of the bottom surface that comes into contactwhen a commodity is placed. The shape of the bottom surface is storedfor each commodity in the space planning table 11 a, and if the shape ofthe bottom surface is a circle, the area of the circle is calculated tothereby obtain the placement area.

Next, the commodity management table creation unit 14 refers to the tagposition table 11 b and determines the RFID tag corresponding to thecalculated area (placement area) of the display position of thecommodity (S202). The commodity management table creation unit 14compares the area of the display position of the commodity calculated inS201 with the position information of the tag in the tag position table11 b and selects the RFID tag included in the area of the commoditydisplay position. For example, in the examples of FIGS. 11 and 12, theRFID tag where the shelf number, the row number and the face match andthe depth position is included in the area of the commodity displayposition is selected.

Then, the commodity management table creation unit 14 associates thedetermined RFID tag with the commodity and thereby creates the commoditymanagement table 11 c (S203). The commodity management table creationunit 14 acquires the tag ID of the RFID tag determined in S202 from thetag position table 11 b, acquires the commodity name, the manufacturerand the space planning information of the commodity corresponding to theRFID tag from the space planning table 11 a, and stores them into thecommodity management table 11 c in association with one another. Forexample, in the examples to FIGS. 11 to 13, because the position of theRFID tag with the tag ID “12340001” is included in the area with theorder of depth “1” among the areas where the six commodities “cannedtuna” are placed, and therefore the commodity “canned tuna” with theorder of depth “1” and the tag ID “12340001” are associated. Further,because the positions of the RFID tags with the tag ID “12340002” and“12340003” are included in the area with the order of depth “2” amongthe areas where the six commodities “canned tuna” are placed, andtherefore the commodity “canned tuna” with the order of depth “2” andthe tag ID “12340002” and “12340003” are associated.

After the commodity management table 11 c is created in S103 of FIG. 14,a store clerk or the like places the commodity in the placement area onthe RFID tag for commodity management (commodity detection) (S104).Then, the following processing is repeated to periodically monitor thepresence or absence of the commodity.

First, the tag reading unit 15 reads the RFID tag through the readerwaveguide 4 (S105). In this example, the RFID tag corresponding to thecommodity display position is read in order to reduce the time to readthe RFID tag. Specifically, the tag reading unit 15 specifies the tag IDin the commodity management table 11 c one by one and transmits anindividual read command to the RFID reader 7, and the RFID reader 7outputs a signal one by one to the specified RFID tag 5 so as to sendthe tag ID back. When the number of RFID tags placed is small or thereading rate can be low, all tags may be read at a time.

Then, the commodity presence/absence determination unit 16 determinesthe presence or absence of the commodity corresponding to the RFID tag 5according to the signal received from the RFID tag 5 based on thecommodity management table 11 c (S106). The RFID reader 7 receives thesignal sent back from the RFID tag 5 specified one by one (or specifiedat a time) in S105 and measures the signal intensity, and outputs themeasurement result to the store management device 1. The commoditypresence/absence determination unit 16 detects whether the tag with thetag ID contained in the commodity management table 11 c is read, orwhether the signal intensity of the RFID tag with the corresponding tagID is equal to or more than a threshold or less than the threshold. Byreferring to the commodity management table 11 c, it is determined thatthere is a commodity corresponding to the RFID tag when the RFID tag isnot read or the signal intensity is less than the threshold. Otherwise,it is determined that there is no corresponding commodity. For example,when one commodity and a plurality of RFID tags correspond, it may bedetermined that there is a commodity when the signal intensity of all ofthe plurality of RFID tags is less than the threshold or when the signalintensity of any of the plurality of RFID tags is less than thethreshold. Further, it may be determined that there is no commodity whenthe signal intensity of all of the plurality of RFID tags is equal to ormore than the threshold or when the signal intensity of any of theplurality of RFID tags is equal to or more than the threshold. Becausethe signal intensity of RFID tags varies depending on the material orthe like of a commodity to be placed, it is preferred to set conditionsfor determination on a plurality of RFID tags in accordance with acommodity to be placed.

After that, the commodity management unit 17 performs processingaccording to the commodity detection result (S107). For example, thecommodity management unit 17 displays the presence or absence of thecommodity detected in S105 on the display unit and thereby notifies thestatus of the commodity to a store clerk.

As described above, according to this exemplary embodiment, the spaceplanning table associating commodity information and store planninginformation and the tag position table associating a tag ID of an RFIDtag and position information of the RFID tag are stored, and further,the commodity management table associating the commodity information andthe tag ID of the RFID tag based on the space planning table and the tagposition table is stored. By referring to the commodity managementtable, the presence or absence of the commodity on the RFID tag isdetermined. Thus, even when the display position of a commodity ischanged by space planning, the presence or absence of the commodity canbe determined simply by changing the space planning table and thecommodity management table. There is thus no need to change theplacement of the RFID tag, and it is thereby possible to manage articleseasily.

If an integrated unit with a shelf board size on which RFID tags areplaced according to the placement of commodities is provided, costs arehigh and it is not possible to deal with a slight change. In thisexemplary embodiment, on the other hand, there is no need to change aunit including RFID tags, and it is thus possible to reduce costs andflexibly deal with various commodity placement.

Particularly, by placing a larger number of tags than articles, the tagswith a smaller size than the bottom surface of an article or theinterval of placing articles, and placing a larger number of RFID tagsthan the articles so that a plurality of tags are placed at a positionto place one article to be managed, it is possible to reliably managearticles, even when the position to place an article is changed, simplyby detecting whether the tag at that position can be read.

Further, by sequentially reading only the RFID tags in the commoditymanagement table, it is possible to reliably avoid the collision ofsignals from the RFID tags and thereby prevent a decrease in readingrate due to a failure in reading caused by the collision.

Further, according to this exemplary embodiment, the presence or absenceof a commodity is determined based on the signal intensity from an RFIDtag on the reader waveguide. It is thus not necessary to put an RFID tagor a shielding part on a commodity, and it is possible to manage thepresence or absence of a commodity at low costs.

Second Exemplary Embodiment

A second exemplary embodiment is described hereinafter with reference tothe drawings. This exemplary embodiment shows an example in which ametal foil sheet is placed on the reader waveguide and the RFID tag (tagantenna unit) in the first exemplary embodiment.

In the first exemplary embodiment, a large number of RFID tags areplaced in advance on the reader waveguide in order to easily managecommodities even when the placement of the commodities is changed.However, if a large number of RFID tags are placed, a reading ratedecreases. In this exemplary embodiment, an unnecessary part is coveredwith the metal foil sheet, so that tags that do not need to be read arecovered to be unable to be read.

An exemplary structure of the metal foil sheet according to thisexemplary embodiment is described hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 16to 19. FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the tag antenna unit 50 and ametal foil sheet 9, FIG. 17 is a top view of them, and FIG. 18 is afront sectional view and a side sectional view of them. FIG. 19 is asectional view of the metal foil sheet 9. The structure of the tagantenna unit 50 that includes the reader waveguide 4 and the RFID tags 5is the same as that described in the first exemplary embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 16 to 18, the metal foil sheet 9 is placed above thetag antenna unit 50. In the tag antenna unit 50, the RFID tags 5 areplaced in advance on the reader waveguide 4, and the metal foil sheet 9is placed above the RFID tags 5. In this placement, the metal foil sheet9 serves as an upper surface ground for strip conductor, and by coveringthe RFID tags that do not need to be read, the tags become unable to beread and a decrease in reading rate can be suppressed. Specifically, themetal foil sheet 9 is electromagnetically coupled to the RFID tags thatdo not need to be read to thereby reduce the signal intensity and stop(invalidate) the operation of the RFID tags, and further maintain(activate) the operation of the RFID tags that need to be read withoutaffecting the signal intensity of those RFID tags. Furthermore, sincethe upper-surface ground is provided for the strip conductor, theradiation of electromagnetic waves from the upper surface can besuppressed. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the radiation loss ofthe waveguide and extend the waveguide. In addition, other effects suchas the suppression of electromagnetic interference with anotherequipment, the reduction of noise and the reduction of influence onhuman bodies can be obtained.

To implement such a feature, the metal foil sheet 9 is a sheet-likemetal member (metal sheet) and has an opening (window) 9 a at theposition of the RFID tag that needs to be read. In the case where themetal foil sheet 9 is placed, commodities are placed on top of the metalfoil sheet 9, and therefore the upper surface of the metal foil sheet 9serves as the commodity displayable area 2 b. The metal foil sheet 9 hasthe size and shape large enough to cover the RFID tag 5 in order to stopthe response operation of the RFID tag 5 that does not need to be read.If the metal foil sheet 9 is smaller than the RFID tag 5, it fails tostop the response operation of the RFID tag 5 in some cases. Further,the metal foil sheet 9 preferably has at least the size of one commoditydisplay position 2 a, which is, the size large enough to cover the areawhich one kind of commodities occupy on the shelf. Further, the metalfoil sheet 9 preferably has the size of covering all of the RFID tags 5,which is, substantially the same size as the commodity displayable area2 b or the reader waveguide 4 (tag antenna unit 50) in order toselectively invalidate or activate the operation of all RFID tags 5.

The opening (window) 9 a is at the position corresponding to the RFIDtag 5 in the commodity display position 2 a. The opening 9 a has thesize and shape at least larger than the RFID tag 5 to enable theoperation of the RFID tag 5 located below the metal foil sheet 9. Forexample, the opening 9 a has substantially the same size as the RFID tag5 and has the same shape as the RFID tag 5, which is a square.

The metal foil sheet 9 is metal foil such as aluminum foil, where aconductor is adhered to a resin sheet such as PET (polyethyleneterephthalate) or paper such as synthetic paper. The conductor may bealuminum, copper, carbon, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or the like.

To be specific, as shown in FIG. 19, in the metal foil sheet 9, aconductor layer 92 is formed on a cove layer 91, a resin sheet 93 isformed on the conductor layer 92, and a cover layer 94 is formed on theresin sheet 93. It is preferred that the thickness of the metal foilsheet 9 is basically the skin thickness (the thickness at which the skineffect can be obtained) or more. For example, when the conductor layer92 is a good conductor metal, a thickness of 2 microns or more ispreferable. In order to effectively stop the operation of the RFID tag5, the conductor layer 92 is preferably close to the RFID tag 5.Although the opening 9 a is made by removing the layers from the covelayer 91 to the cover layer 94 in this example, at least the conductorlayer 92 may be removed instead.

For example, the metal foil sheet 9 can be formed by Roll-to-rollprocessing such as a food packaging aluminum sheet. The conductor layerof the metal foil sheet 9 is formed by deposition, sputtering, plating,rolling or the like. The opening 9 a is made by etching the metal layer,cutting the sheet or the like.

Further, the reader waveguide 4 includes a ground plane 41, a spacer 42,a strip conductor 43 and a spacer 44 as in the first exemplaryembodiment. By directly placing the metal foil sheet 9 on the RFID tag5, the metal foil sheet 9 and the RFID tag 5 are in close contact witheach other (it is preferred that there is no gap between them so thatthe reader cannot read the tag). Further, the metal foil sheet 9 and thestrip conductor are spaced from each other by the spacer 44 to form astrip line. With the spacer 44, it is possible to reduce the effect ofthe ground on the RFID tag. Note that, however, an increase incapacitance by the ground may be used for the size reduction of the RFIDtag.

Note that a protective layer that protects the RFID tag 5 may be placedabove the RFID tag 5. The metal foil sheet 9 may serve also as theprotective layer. Further, a positioning mechanism for positioning ofthe metal foil sheet 9 with the strip conductor 43, the RFID tags 5 andthe like placed therebelow may be provided. As the positioningmechanism, a mark or the like indicating the placement position of themetal foil sheet 9 may be displayed on the tag antenna unit 50.

The configuration of the store management device 1 according to thisexemplary embodiment is described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 20.In the exemplary configuration shown in FIG. 20, the store managementdevice 1 includes a metal foil sheet creation unit 18 in addition to theelements according to the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 10.

The metal foil sheet creation unit (metal sheet creation unit) 18 makesthe opening 9 a in the metal foil sheet 9 at the position of the RFIDtag 5 corresponding to the commodity display position 2 a. The metalfoil sheet creation unit 18 makes the opening 9 a at the position of theRFID tag 5 stored in the commodity management table 11 c associatingcommodities and RFID tags 5. When the position information of the RFIDtag 5 is contained in the commodity management table 11 c, the metalfoil sheet creation unit 18 acquires the position information from thecommodity management table 11 c, and when the position information ofthe RFID tag 5 is not contained in the commodity management table 11 c,the metal foil sheet creation unit 18 refers to the tag position table11 b and acquires the position information of the RFID tag 5. Forexample, the size and shape of the metal foil sheet 9 are predetermined,and the metal foil sheet creation unit 18 makes the opening 9 a bycutting out, from the metal foil sheet, the predetermined shape at theposition of the RFID tag 5 for detecting a commodity. For example, thecutout of the metal foil sheet is performed using a label printer, acutting machine or the like. Note that the metal foil sheet 9 may becreated manually, instead of being automatically created by the metalfoil sheet creation unit 18. For example, a store clerk or the like mayrefer to the commodity management table 11 c and make the opening bymanually making a hole at the position of the RFID tag 5. The openingmay be made by providing a perforated cutout line with the shape of theopening at the positions corresponding to all of the RFID tags 5 andcutting out the sheet along the cutout line of a part corresponding tothe commodity position.

Note that the metal foil sheet 9 may be created outside, without beingcreated in the store management device 1. For example, a head officethat consolidates the management of a plurality of retail stores maycreate the space planning table 11 a using space planning software,create the tag position table 11 b and the commodity management table 11c, and then make the opening 9 a in the metal foil sheet 9 based on thecommodity management table 11 c. Then, the metal foil sheet 9 may bedistributed from the head office to the plurality of retail stores.Further, in addition to the metal foil sheet 9, the commodity managementtable 11 c may be distributed from the head office to the plurality ofretail stores.

A commodity management method (article management method) that isperformed in the commodity management system according to this exemplaryembodiment is described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 21.

As shown in FIG. 21, the tag position table 11 b is created byassociating the tag ID of the RFID tag and the position information ofthe RFID tag (S101), the space planning table 11 a is created byassociating the commodity information and the space planning information(S102), and the commodity management table 11 c is created byassociating the commodity information and the tag ID of the RFID tag(S103), in the same manner as in the first exemplary embodiment.

Then, the metal foil sheet creation unit 18 creates the metal foil sheet9 based on the commodity management table 11 c created in S103 (S111).The metal foil sheet creation unit 18 generates cutting informationindicating the position and shape of the opening 9 a based on theposition of the RFID tag 5 stored in the commodity management table 11 cand outputs it to a cutting machine or the like. The cutting machinecuts out the corresponding part of the metal foil sheet 9 according tothe cutting information and thereby makes the opening 9 a. Note that themetal foil sheet 9 that is formed in advance may be acquired.

Then, the metal foil sheet 9 is placed on the RFID tag 5 (tag antennaunit 50) (S112). A store clerk or the like places the metal foil sheet 9created in S111 on the tag antenna unit 50 so that the RFID tag 5corresponding to the opening 9 a is exposed.

After the commodity management table 11 c is created in S103 and themetal foil sheet 9 is placed in S112, a store clerk or the like places acommodity in the placement area on the metal foil sheet for commoditymanagement (commodity detection) (S104). Then, the following processingis repeated to periodically monitor the presence or absence of thecommodity.

First, the tag reading unit 15 reads the RFID tag through the readerwaveguide 4 (S113). In this example, because unnecessary RFID tag doesnot respond because of the presence of the metal foil sheet 9, all ofthe RFID tags are read. Specifically, the tag reading unit 15 transmitsa bulk read command for reading all tags to the RFID reader 7, and theRFID reader 7 outputs a signal to all the RFID tags 5 so as to send thetag ID back. In this exemplary embodiment, since the metal foil sheet 9is placed, the tags that do not need to be read are not read because ofthe metal foil sheet 9 even if signals are output to all of the RFIDtags. It is thereby possible to increase the reading operation speedwithout complicated control such as transmitting signals to the RFIDtags 5 one by one.

Further, in order to further reduce the reading time, only the RFID tagscorresponding to the commodity display positions may be read just likein the first exemplary embodiment.

Then, the commodity presence/absence determination unit 16 determinesthe presence or absence of the commodity according to the signalreceived from the RFID tag 5 (S106). The RFID reader 7 receives thesignals sent back from all the RFID tags 5 in S113 and measures theirsignal intensity, and outputs the measurement result to the storemanagement device 1. The commodity presence/absence determination unit16 detects whether the tag with the tag ID contained in the commoditymanagement table 11 c is read, or whether the signal intensity of theRFID tag with the corresponding tag ID is equal to or more than athreshold or less than the threshold. When the RFID tag is not read orthe signal intensity is less than the threshold, it is determined thatthere is a commodity corresponding to the RFID tag. Otherwise, it isdetermined that there is no corresponding commodity. After that,processing according to the commodity detection result is performed inthe same manner as in the first exemplary embodiment (S107).

As described above, in this exemplary embodiment, the metal foil sheethaving the openings corresponding to the RFID tags for detectingcommodities is placed on the RFID tags, in addition to the structure ofthe first exemplary embodiment. Thus, even when a large number of RFIDtags are placed, it is possible to stop the operation of unnecessaryRFID tags and allow only necessary RFID tags to operate, therebyincreasing the speed of RFID tag reading operation.

Third Exemplary Embodiment

A third exemplary embodiment is described hereinafter with reference tothe drawings. This exemplary embodiment shows an example in which aspace planning sheet is placed on the reader waveguide and the RFID tag(tag antenna unit) in the first exemplary embodiment. Note that,although the case where the space planning sheet is placed on the RFIDtag is described in this example, the space planning sheet may be placedon the metal foil sheet that is described in the second exemplaryembodiment.

An exemplary structure of the space planning sheet according to thisexemplary embodiment is described hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 22to 24. FIG. 22 is a perspective view of the tag antenna unit 50 and aspace planning sheet 10, FIG. 23 is a top view of them, and FIG. 24 is afront sectional view and a side sectional view of them. The structure ofthe tag antenna unit 50 that includes the reader waveguide 4 and theRFID tags 5 is the same as that described in the first exemplaryembodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 22 to 24, the space planning sheet 10 is placed abovethe tag antenna unit 50. In the tag antenna unit 50, the RFID tags 5 areplaced in advance on the reader waveguide 4, and the space planningsheet 10 is placed above the RFID tags 5. The space planning sheet(article placement sheet) 10 is a sheet for showing space planning(commodity display positions) to store clerks or the like. In the casewhere the space planning sheet 10 is placed, commodities are placed ontop of the space planning sheet 10, and therefore the upper surface ofthe space planning sheet 10 serves as the commodity displayable area 2b.

The space planning sheet 10 has a size large enough to place acommodity, and it has substantially the same size as the readerwaveguide 4 (tag antenna unit 50) or the size to include all of the RFIDtags 5, for example, for showing space planning of the whole shelf.Further, the space planning sheet 10 preferably has the size largeenough to cover the area which one kind of commodities occupy on theshelf, including at least one commodity display position 2 a.

The space planning sheet 10 may be made of any material that does notaffect the detection of commodities (the signal intensity of RFID tags),and it is a paper sheet, for example. On the space planning sheet 10, acommodity placement mark 10 a is displayed at the position of thecommodity display position 2 a. The commodity placement mark 10 a hasthe same size as a commodity, and a commodity name for identifying thecommodity to be placed is displayed thereon. Because the samecommodities are placed in each face (column), the commodity name isdisplayed on the commodity placement mark 10 a in the front row. Thecommodity placement mark 10 a may be directly printed on a paper sheetor may be adhered to a paper sheet by a self-adhesive label or the like.

Further, the space planning sheet 10 may be provided with a perforatedcutout line 10 b. For example, the cutout line 10 b is provided for eachkind of commodities. Note that, in the case where the space planningsheet 10 is placed on the metal foil sheet, it is preferred to alsoprovide the metal foil sheet with a cutlet line just like the perforatedcutout line 10 b in the space planning sheet 10. It is thereby possibleto cut out the sheet for each kind of commodities, thereby flexiblydealing with a change in space planning. Further, the cutout line 10 bmay be provided for each commodity.

Note that a protective layer that protects the RFID tag 5 may be placedabove the RFID tag 5. The space planning sheet 10 may serve also as theprotective layer. Further, a positioning mechanism for positioning ofthe space planning sheet 10 with the RFID tags 5 and the like placedtherebelow may be provided. As the positioning mechanism, a mark or thelike indicating the placement position of the space planning sheet 10may be displayed on the tag antenna unit 50. Further, in the case wherethe space planning sheet 10 is placed on the metal foil sheet 9, a markor the like may be displayed on the space planning sheet 10.

The configuration of the store management device 1 according to thisexemplary embodiment is described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 25.In the exemplary configuration shown in FIG. 25, the store managementdevice 1 includes a space planning sheet creation unit 19 in addition tothe elements according to the first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG.10.

The space planning sheet creation unit (article placement sheet creationunit) 19 puts the commodity placement mark 10 a on the space planningsheet 10 at the position corresponding to the commodity display position2 a. The space planning sheet creation unit 19 makes the commodityplacement mark 10 a based on the space planning table 11 a associatingthe commodity information and the space planning information. The spaceplanning sheet creation unit 19 refers to the space planning table 11 aand creates the mark to display a figure (outline) with a commodity sizeand a commodity name at the position specified by the space planninginformation for each commodity. For example, the commodity placementmark 10 a is printed on a paper sheet by using a printer.

Note that the space planning sheet 10 may be created outside, withoutbeing created in the store management device 1. For example, a headoffice that consolidates the management of a plurality of retail storesmay create the space planning table 11 a using space planning software,and make the commodity placement mark 10 a on the space planning sheet10 based on the space planning table 11 a. Then, the space planningsheet 10 may be distributed from the head office to the plurality ofretail stores. Further, in addition to the space planning sheet 10, thecommodity management table 11 c may be distributed from the head officeto the plurality of retail stores.

A commodity management method (article management method) that isperformed in the commodity management system according to this exemplaryembodiment is described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 26.

As shown in FIG. 26, the tag position table 11 b is created byassociating the tag ID of the RFID tag and the position information ofthe RFID tag (S101), the space planning table 11 a is created byassociating the commodity information and the space planning information(S102), and the commodity management table 11 c is created byassociating the commodity information and the tag ID of the RFID tag(S103), in the same manner as in the first exemplary embodiment.

Then, the space planning sheet creation unit 19 creates the spaceplanning sheet 10 based on the space planning table 11 a created in S102(S121). The space planning sheet creation unit 19 generates printinformation indicating the position, size and letter of the commodityplacement mark 10 a based on the space planning information stored inthe space planning table 11 a and the commodity size and the commodityname and outputs it to a printer or the like. The printer prints thecommodity placement mark 10 a at the corresponding part of the spaceplanning sheet 10 according to the print information. Note that thespace planning sheet 10 that is created in advance may be acquired.

Then, the space planning sheet 10 is placed on the RFID tag 5 (tagantenna unit 50) (S122). A store clerk or the like places the spaceplanning sheet 10 created in S121 on the tag antenna unit 50 so that theRFID tags 5 and the commodity placement marks 10 a correspond to eachother.

After the commodity management table 11 c is created in S103 and thespace planning sheet 10 is placed in S122, a store clerk or the likeplaces a commodity in the placement area on the space planning sheet forcommodity management (commodity detection) (S104). Then, the followingprocessing is repeated to periodically monitor the presence or absenceof the commodity.

Specifically, in the same manner as in the first exemplary embodiment,the RFID tag 5 corresponding to a commodity is read (S105), the presenceor absence of the commodity is determined according to the signalreceived from the RFID tag 5 (S106), and processing according to thedetection result of the commodity is performed (S107).

As described above, in this exemplary embodiment, the space planningsheet indicating the commodity display positions is placed on the RFIDtags, in addition to the structure of the first exemplary embodiment.The commodity display positions can be thereby recognized at a glance,and it is thereby possible to reduce the burden of commodity placementwork by store clerks and prevent mistake of placement such as placinganother commodity by mistake. Further, by creating the space planningsheet in a head office and distributing it to stores, it is possible toget across the store planning instruction from the head office to allstores.

It should be noted that the RFID system in UHF band or microwave band isused in the exemplary embodiments of the present invention because thebandwidth is wider and the number of tags read per unit time is largercompared to an RFID system using another frequency band such as LF bandor HF band, particularly a lower frequency band, and the tag antennasensitively responds to moisture.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to theabove-described exemplary embodiment and may be varied in many wayswithin the scope of the present invention.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described withreference to exemplary embodiments thereof, the invention is not limitedto these embodiments. It will be understood by those of ordinary skillin the art that various changes in form and details may be made thereinwithout departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention asdefined by the claims.

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority fromJapanese patent application No. 2013-105982, filed on May 20, 2013, thedisclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

-   1 STORE MANAGEMENT DEVICE-   2 COMMODITY-   2 a DISPLAY POSITION-   2 b COMMODITY DISPLAYABLE AREA-   3 COMMUNICATION NETWORK-   3 a HIGH-FREQUENCY CABLE-   4 READER WAVEGUIDE-   5 RFID TAG-   7 RFID READER-   8 COMMODITY DISPLAY SHELF-   9 METAL FOIL SHEET-   9 a OPENING-   10 SPACE PLANNING SHEET-   10 a COMMODITY PLACEMENT MARK-   10 b CUTOUT LINE-   11 COMMODITY INFORMATION DATABASE-   11 a SPACE PLANNING TABLE-   11 b TAG POSITION TABLE-   11 c COMMODITY MANAGEMENT TABLE-   12 SPACE PLANNING TABLE CREATION UNIT-   13 TAG POSITION TABLE CREATION UNIT-   14 COMMODITY MANAGEMENT TABLE CREATION UNIT-   15 TAG READING UNIT-   16 COMMODITY PRESENCE/ABSENCE DETERMINATION UNIT-   17 COMMODITY MANAGEMENT UNIT-   18 METAL FOIL SHEET CREATION UNIT-   19 SPACE PLANNING SHEET CREATION UNIT-   41 GROUND PLANE-   42 SPACER-   43 STRIP CONDUCTOR-   44 SPACER-   45 PARALLEL LINES-   46 DISTRIBUTOR-   50 TAG ANTENNA UNIT-   91 COVER LAYER-   92 CONDUCTOR LAYER-   93 RESIN SHEET-   94 COVER LAYER-   101 READER WAVEGUIDE-   102 RFID TAG-   103 TAG READING UNIT-   104 ARTICLE PRESENCE/ABSENCE DETERMINATION UNIT-   105 ARTICLE POSITION TABLE STORAGE UNIT-   106 TAG POSITION TABLE STORAGE UNIT-   107 ARTICLE MANAGEMENT TABLE STORAGE UNIT-   108 ARTICLE-   109 ALLOCABLE AREA-   110 ASSIGNED POSITION-   201 RFID CHIP-   202 TAG ANTENNA

The invention claimed is:
 1. An article management system comprising: areader waveguide formed as an open transmission line terminated withmatching impedance; a plurality of RFID tags fixed in an articleallocable area above the reader waveguide and electromagneticallycoupled to the reader waveguide; a tag position table storage unitimplemented by at least one storage device that stores a tag positiontable associating tag information of the plurality of RFID tags andfixed positions of the plurality of RFID tags; an article position tablestorage unit implemented by the at least one storage device that storesan article position table associating identification information ofarticles and assigned positions of the articles assigned to place thearticles in the allocable area; an article management table storage unitimplemented by the at least one storage device that stores an articlemanagement table associating the identification information of thearticles and the tag information of the plurality of RFID tags based onthe tag position table and the article position table; a tag readingunit that reads the plurality of RFID tags by electromagnetic couplingthrough the reader waveguide; and an article presence/absencedetermination unit implemented by a processor that determines presenceor absence of an article corresponding to the plurality of RFID tagsbased on results of reading the plurality of RFID tags by referring tothe article management table.
 2. The article management system accordingto claim 1, wherein a size of the plurality of RFID tags is smaller thana size coming into contact with the allocable area when the article isplaced.
 3. The article management system according to claim 1, whereinan interval of the plurality of RFID tags is smaller than a size cominginto contact with the allocable area when the article is placed.
 4. Thearticle management system according to claim 1, comprising: an articlemanagement table creation unit that creates the article management tableaccording to association between the fixed positions of the plurality ofRFID tags in the tag position table and the assigned positions of thearticles in the article position table.
 5. The article management systemaccording to claim 1, comprising an article management table creationunit that receives input of the identification information of thearticles and the tag information of the plurality of RFID tags inassociation and creates the article management table according to theinput association.
 6. The article management system according to claim1, comprising: a metal sheet placed on the plurality of RFID tags andhaving an opening at positions corresponding to RFID tags located withinthe assigned position of the article among the plurality of RFID tags,wherein the article presence/absence determination unit determinespresence or absence of the article placed on the metal sheet.
 7. Thearticle management system according to claim 6, comprising: a metalsheet creation unit that makes the opening corresponding to positions ofRFID tags in the article management table by referring to the articlemanagement table.
 8. The article management system according to claim 1,comprising: an article placement sheet placed on the plurality of RFIDtags and where the assigned position of the article is displayed,wherein the article presence/absence determination unit determinespresence or absence of the article placed on the article placementsheet.
 9. The article management system according to claim 6,comprising: an article placement sheet placed on the metal sheet andwhere the assigned position of the article is displayed, wherein thearticle presence/absence determination unit determines presence orabsence of the article placed on the article placement sheet.
 10. Thearticle management system according to claim 8, comprising: an articleplacement sheet creation unit that creates the article placement sheetaccording to the assigned positions of the articles in the articleposition table by referring to the article position table.
 11. Thearticle management system according to claim 1, wherein the tag readingunit reads all of the plurality of RFID tags at a time, and the articlepresence/absence determination unit determines presence or absence ofthe article based on results of reading RFID tags contained in thearticle management table among the results of reading.
 12. The articlemanagement system according to claim 1, wherein the tag reading unitreads RFID tags contained in the article management table among theplurality of RFID tags one by one, and the article presence/absencedetermination unit determines presence or absence of the article basedon all of the results of reading.
 13. An article management methodcomprising: fixing a plurality of RFID tags in an article allocable areaabove a reader waveguide formed as an open transmission line terminatedwith matching impedance, the plurality of RFID tags to beelectromagnetically coupled to the reader waveguide; storing a tagposition table associating tag information of the plurality of RFID tagsand fixed positions of the plurality of RFID tags; storing an articleposition table associating identification information of articles andassigned positions of the articles assigned to place the articles in theallocable area; storing an article management table associating theidentification information of the articles and the tag information ofthe plurality of RFID tags based on the tag position table and thearticle position table; reading the plurality of RFID tags byelectromagnetic coupling through the reader waveguide; and determiningpresence or absence of an article corresponding to the plurality of RFIDtags based on results of reading the plurality of RFID tags by referringto the article management table.
 14. A non-transitory computer readablemedium storing an article management program causing a computer toexecute an article management process, the article management processcomprising: storing a tag position table associating tag information ofa plurality of RFID tags and fixed positions of the plurality of RFIDtags, the plurality of RFID tags being fixed in an article allocablearea above a reader waveguide formed as an open transmission lineterminated with matching impedance and being electromagnetically coupledto the reader waveguide; storing an article position table associatingidentification information of articles and assigned positions of thearticles assigned to place the articles in the allocable area; storingan article management table associating the identification informationof the articles and the tag information of the plurality of RFID tagsbased on the tag position table and the article position table; readingthe plurality of RFID tags by electromagnetic coupling through thereader waveguide; and determining presence or absence of an articlecorresponding to the plurality of RFID tags based on results of readingthe plurality of RFID tags by referring to the article management table.15. An article management system comprising: a reader waveguide formedas an open transmission line terminated with matching impedance; aplurality of RFID tags fixed in an article allocable area above thereader waveguide and electromagnetically coupled to the readerwaveguide; a tag position table storage means for storing a tag positiontable associating tag information of the plurality of RFID tags andfixed positions of the plurality of RFID tags; an article position tablestorage means for storing an article position table associatingidentification information of articles and assigned positions of thearticles assigned to place the articles in the allocable area; anarticle management table storage means for storing an article managementtable associating the identification information of the articles and thetag information of the plurality of RFID tags based on the tag positiontable and the article position table; a tag reading means for readingthe plurality of RFID tags by electromagnetic coupling through thereader waveguide; and an article presence/absence determination meansfor determining presence or absence of an article corresponding to theplurality of RFID tags based on results of reading the plurality of RFIDtags by referring to the article management table.